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  • Lorenz cipher — Tunny redirects here. For the fish, see Tuna. The Lorenz SZ 40 and SZ 42 ( Schlüsselzusatz , meaning cipher attachment ) were German cipher machines used during World War II for teleprinter circuits. British codebreakers, who referred to… …   Wikipedia

  • ADFGVX cipher — In cryptography, the ADFGVX cipher was a field cipher used by the German Army during World War I. ADFGVX was in fact an extension of an earlier cipher called ADFGX. Invented by Colonel Fritz Nebel and introduced in March 1918, the cipher was a… …   Wikipedia

  • Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher — The Lorenz SZ machines had 12 wheels each with a different number of cams (or pins). Wheel number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 …   Wikipedia

  • Stream cipher attack — Stream ciphers, where plaintext bits are combined with a cipher bit stream by an exclusive or operation (xor), can be very secure if used properly. However they are vulnerable to attack if certain precautions are not followed:*keys must never be… …   Wikipedia

  • Substitution cipher — In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encryption by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext according to a regular system; the units may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters,… …   Wikipedia

  • Playfair cipher — The Playfair cipher or Playfair square is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digraph substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone, but bears the name of Lord Playfair who promoted the… …   Wikipedia

  • Purple (cipher machine) — This article is about the Japanese cipher Purple, also known as AN 1 (citation for AN 1 nomenclature for Purple?). For other Japanese ciphers, such as JN 25 which played a part in the Battle of Midway, see Japanese naval codes. In the history of… …   Wikipedia

  • Mercury (cipher machine) — Mercury was a British cipher machine used by the Air Ministry from 1950 until at least the early 1960s. Mercury was an online rotor machine descended from Typex, but modified to achieve a longer cycle length using a so called double drum basket… …   Wikipedia

  • Ultra — (sometimes capitalised ULTRA) was the name used by the British for intelligence resulting from decryption of encrypted German radio communications in World War II. The term eventually became the standard designation in both Britain and the United …   Wikipedia

  • Enigma machine — Military Enigma machine …   Wikipedia

  • Nigel de Grey — (27 March 1886 – 25 May 1951), CMG, OBE, British codebreaker. Son of the rector of Copdock, Suffolk, and grandson of the 5th Lord Walsingham, he was educated at Eton College and became fluent in French and German. In 1907 he joined the publishing …   Wikipedia

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